Structural and Ferroelectric Properties in Solid Solution

Authors

  • Noman Ahmad Department of Physics, Islamia College University Peshawar, Pakistan Author
  • Shahana Iqbal Department of Physics, Islamia College University Peshawar, Pakistan Author
  • Ayesha Ayaz Department of Physics, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63544/8sgvsd52

Keywords:

Strontium Titanate, Cerium Doping, Magnesium Doping, Relaxor Ferroelectric, Dielectric Properties, Energy Storage

Abstract

The lattice structure, grain structure and temperature dependent dielectric Sr(1-x)CexTi(1-2/3y) MgyO3 (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and y = 0.05 sintered in 5%H2 and 95%N2 atmosphere) ceramic samples were successfully clarified. The (Sr, Ce, Ti, Mg)O3 show a structure phase transition at SCTM1 from cubic to tetragonal.  It is also obvious, that a small A/B-sites doping promoted the grain growth with relaxor ferroelectric like nature. The ε′−T plot, hysteresis loop along with intrinsic ferroelectricity (PUND) clarify the relaxor ferroelectric nature of the ceramics samples. Further, in the temperature span 50 °C and 200 °C, the ceramic samples showed a good frequency and temperature stability, which show its potential in energy storage devices.

REFERENCES

[1] C. V. Weiss, J. Zhang, M. Spies, L. S. Abdallah, S. Zollner, M. W. Cole, and S. P. Alpay, "Bulk-like dielectric properties from metallo-organic solution-deposited films on Pt-coated Si substrates," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 111, Art. no. 054108, 2012.

[2] A. S. Bhalla, R. Guo, and R. Roy, "The perovskite structure—A review of its role in ceramic science and technology," Journal of Materials Research Innovations, vol. 4, p. 3, 2000.

[3] H. Yan, T. Jo, and H. Okuzaki, "Synthesis and electrophoretic deposition of high-dielectric-constant nanoparticles," Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 346, pp. 99–105, 2009.

[4] G. D. Wilk, R. M. Wallace, and J. M. Anthony, "High-k gate dielectrics: Current status and materials properties considerations," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 89, p. 5243, 2001.

[5] K. A. Müller and H. Burkard, "SrTiO3: An intrinsic quantum paraelectric below 4 K," Physical Review B, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 3593–3602, 1979.

[6] X. Wang, Q. Hu, L. Li, and X. Lu, "Effect of Pr substitution on structural and dielectric properties of SrTiO3," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 112, 2012.

[7] K. Uchida, S. Tsuneyuki, and T. Shimizu, "First-principles calculations of carrier-doping effects in SrTiO3," Physical Review B, vol. 68, no. 17, Art. no. 174107, 2003.

[8] J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Müller, "Sr1-xCaxTiO3: An XY quantum ferroelectric with transition to randomness," Physical Review Letters, vol. 52, no. 25, pp. 2289–2292, 1984.

[9] R. Ranjan, R. Hackl, A. C. Ra, E. Schmidbauer, D. Trots, and H. Boysen, "High-temperature relaxor ferroelectric behavior in Pr-doped ," Physical Review B, vol. 76, Art. no. 224109, 2007.

[10] E. Padmini, K. Ramachandran, and M. Muralidharan, "Structural, optical, magnetic and dielectric properties of Dy-doped nanoceramics," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 29, no. 19, pp. 17078–17088, 2018.

[11] K. C. Kao, Dielectric Phenomena in Solids. San Diego, CA, USA: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.

[12] A. von Hippel, Dielectric Materials and Applications. Cambridge, MA, USA: Technology Press of MIT, 1954.

[13] J. H. Haeni et al., "Room-temperature ferroelectricity in strained ," Nature, vol. 430, p. 758, 2004.

[14] A. Chen, Z. Yu, and Z. Jing, "Impurity-induced ferroelectric relaxor behavior in quantum paraelectric and ferroelectric ," Physical Review B, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 957–961, 2000.

[15] L. M. Roberto, P. S. M. L. Ricardo, S. Ganesanpotti, T. S. Mailadil, V. J. Mohan, and D. Anderson, "Microwave and infrared dielectric properties of (x = 0.154-0.400) incipient ferroelectrics at cryogenic temperatures," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 42, Art. no. 075411, 2009.

[16] S. V. Bogdanov, A. M. Kashtanova, and K. V. Kiseleva, "Concerning the phase transitions in ," Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, vol. 29, pp. 902–906, 1965.

[17] M. A. Saifi and L. E. Cross, "Dielectric properties of strontium titanate at low temperature," Physical Review B, vol. 2, pp. 677–684, 1970.

[18] R. D. Leapman, L. A. Grunes, and P. L. Fejes, Physical Review B, vol. 26, pp. 614–635, 1982.

[19] B. R. Kalkhoran, Microstructural Studies on the Reoxidation Behavior of Nb-Doped SrTiO  Ceramics. Stuttgart, Germany: Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, 2004.

[20] F. W. Lytle, "X-ray diffractometry of low-temperature phase transformations in strontium titanate," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 35, pp. 2212–2215, 1964.

[21] L. Cao, E. Sozontov, and J. Zegenhagen, "Cubic to tetragonal phase transition of SrTiO  under epitaxial stress: An X-ray backscattering study," physica status solidi (a), vol. 181, no. 2, pp. 387–404, 2000.

[22] P. Ramirez, "Colossal magnetoresistance," Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 9, pp. 8171–8199, 1997.

[23] B. L. Phoon, C. W. Lai, J. C. Juan, P.-L. Show, and W.-H. Chen, "A review of synthesis and morphology of SrTiO  for energy and other applications," International Journal of Energy Research, 2019, doi: 10.1002/er.4505.

[24] W. D. Luo, W. H. Duan, S. G. Louie, and M. L. Cohen, Physical Review B, vol. 70, Art. no. 214109, 2004.

[25] R. E. Hummel, Electronic Properties of Materials. New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2001.

[26] C. J. Dias and D. K. Das-Gupta, Ferroelectric Polymer and Ceramic-Polymer Composites. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 1994.

[27] R. E. Newnham, "Ann. Rev. Composite electronic, Materiel Science," vol. 16, p. 47, 1986.

[28] S. Lower, "Chem1 online textbook—States of matter." [Online]. Available: http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/states/states.html#SEC4. [Accessed: Sep. 19, 2016].

[29] N. W. Ashcroft and N. D. Mermin, Solid State Physics. New York, NY, USA: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976.

[30] M. Anas, S. Ebrahim, I. G. Eldeen, and R. Awad, "Dielectric properties of (SWCNT),GdBaCuO-6 superconductor nanocomposites," doi: 10.1142/S0217984917502906.

[31] R. D. Shannon, "Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides," Acta Crystallographica Section A, vol. 32, pp. 751–767, 1976.

[32] A. J. Moulson and J. M. Herbert, Eds., Electroceramics: Materials, Properties, Applications, 2nd ed. Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.

[33] A. K. Jonscher, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 32, p. R57, 1999.

[34] G. A. Smolenskii, "Physical phenomena in ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transition," Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, vol. 28, suppl., pp. 26–30, 1970.

[35] P. Debye, Polar Molecules. New York, NY, USA: Chemical Catalog Company, 1929. Reprinted by Dover Publications.

[36] Y. Xu, Ferroelectric Materials and Their Applications. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1991.

[37] B. A. Strukov and A. P. Levanyuk, Ferroelectric Phenomena in Crystals. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1998.

[38] C. Liu, P. Liu, J. P. Zhou, Y. He, L. N. Su, L. Cao, and H. W. Zhang, Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 107, Art. no. 094108, 2010.

[39] C. C. Wang, C. M. Lei, G. J. Wang, X. H. Sun, T. Li, S. G. Huang, H. Wang, and Y. D. Li, "Oxygen-vacancy-related dielectric relaxations in SrTiO3 at high temperatures," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 113, 2013.

[40] D. Li, X. P. Wang, Q. F. Fang, J. X. Wang, C. Li, Z. Zhuang, "Phase transition associated with the variation of oxygen vacancy/ion distribution in the oxide-ion conductor ," physica status solidi (a), vol. 204, pp. 2270–2278, 2007.

[41] Z. Wang, M. Cao, Z. Yao, Q. Zhang, Z. Song, W. Hu, Q. Xu, H. Hao, H. Liu, and Z. Yu, "Giant permittivity and low dielectric loss of ceramics sintered in nitrogen atmosphere," Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 1755–1760, 2014.

[42] B. Ullah, W. Lei, Z. Y. Zou, X. H. Wang, and W. Z. Lu, "Synthesis strategy, phase-chemical structure and microwave dielectric properties of paraelectric ceramics," Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 695, pp. 648–655, 2017.

[43] B. Ullah, W. Lei, Q. S. Cao, Z. Y. Zou, X. K. Lan, X. H. Wang, and W. Z. Lu, "Structure and microwave dielectric behavior of A-site-doped ceramic system," Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 99, pp. 3286–3292, 2016.

[44] Lu and Calvarin, 1995.

[45] G. Smolensky, 1984.

[46] Rietveld refinement study (reference requires verification).

[47] Pr-doped STO ceramics study (reference requires verification).

[48] Ce/Pr-doped STO dielectric study (reference requires verification).

[49] Relaxor ferroelectric behavior study (reference requires verification).

[50] Dipole cluster formation study (reference requires verification).

[51] B. D. Cullity and S. R. Stock, Elements of X-ray Diffraction, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall, 2001.

[52] Image Pro Plus and Nano Measurer 1.2 software documentation.

Downloads

Published

15-10-2026

How to Cite

Structural and Ferroelectric Properties in Solid Solution. (2026). Journal of Engineering and Computational Intelligence Review, 4(2), 211-231. https://doi.org/10.63544/8sgvsd52

Share

Similar Articles

21-30 of 34

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.