Internet of Things in Food Supply Chains: Enhancing Quality and Safety through Smart Technologies

Abstract

The integration of IoT technologies into food supply chains (FSCs) has redefined quality control and safety monitoring through real-time tracking, predictive analytics, and automated decision-making. This review synthesizes 30 peer-reviewed studies to examine how IoT-combined with AI, machine learning, and smart packaging enhances traceability, reduces waste, and improves food safety across production, logistics, and retail. Key applications include precision agriculture sensors, block chain-based traceability, and dynamic cold chain monitoring, which collectively minimize spoilage risks and ensure regulatory compliance.

However, challenges like lack of interoperability between IoT systems, cybersecurity threats, and high implementation costs hinder widespread adoption, particularly among small-scale producers. Future advancements require standardized protocols, robust data encryption, and cost-effective IoT solutions tailored for diverse supply chain actors. By addressing these gaps, IoT can unlock a transparent, efficient, and sustainable food ecosystem, bridging the divide between technological potential and real-world implementation. Collaborative efforts among researchers, industries, and policymakers will be crucial to maximize IoT’s transformative impact on global food security.

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