Synthesis and Characterization of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Environmental and Catalytic Applications

Abstract

Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a promising class of porous materials due to their exceptional surface area, tuneable structures, and versatile applications in environmental remediation and catalysis. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of MOFs prepared using solvothermal, hydrothermal, microwave-assisted, and electrochemical methods. Comprehensive characterization was conducted using XRD, FT-IR, BET, TGA, SEM/TEM, and XPS techniques to investigate crystallinity, morphology, porosity, thermal stability, and surface composition. The results revealed that solvothermally synthesized MOFs exhibited the highest crystallinity and surface area (5,847 m²/g), contributing to superior performance. Environmental application tests demonstrated remarkable pollutant removal efficiencies, including 99% enrofloxacin degradation, 100% Cr(VI) removal, and over 95% dye removal. Catalytic investigations showed excellent activity in heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalytic hydrogen production, achieving rates above 4,300 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Statistical analysis confirmed strong correlations between material properties and functional performance. Overall, the findings highlight the significant potential of MOFs as sustainable materials for advanced environmental treatment and clean energy applications.

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